W4K0007XQ Judge Advocate General Manual
7 Warrant Officer Basic Course
Litigation-Report Investigations (Continued)
Note: When investigations are conducted in anticipation of litigation but are not
conducted under the direction and supervision of a judge advocate or are
handled carelessly, they cannot be legally protected from disclosure to parties
whose litigation interests may be adverse to the interests of the United States. It
is imperative that litigation-report investigations be conducted in accordance with
the rules as stated in JAGMAN 0210.
Rules on convening. After first consulting with the cognizant judge advocate, a
litigation-report investigation will be convened, in writing, by the CA. The judge advocate
responsible for supervising the investigation will be named in the convening order; this
does not mean that the judge advocate acts as the IO, rather the judge advocate will be
responsible for overseeing the conduct of the investigation and preparation of the report.
Conducting the Investigation: Helpful Hints. As with the CI, the general goal of the
litigation-report investigation is to document who, what, when, where, how and why an
incident occurred. The IO must consult with the supervising judge advocate and decide
what the purpose and methodology of his/her investigation is before starting to collect
evidence. The IO should review all applicable checklists contained in Part G of the
JAGMAN to determine what specific informational requirements exist.
The IO is not bound by formal rules of evidence in gathering information: the IO may
collect, consider and include in the record any matter relevant to the investigation that is
believable and authentic. Photographs, maps, sketches, etc., are always helpful to
reviewing authorities in understanding what has occurred. So too are present sense
impressions (e.g., noise, texture, smell, observations) that are not adequately portrayed
in other evidence. You may record these impressions in a simple memorandum for
inclusion in the litigation report.
Writing the Investigation: Helpful Hints. The key to writing a litigation-report
investigation is organization. As IO, you must take the time to reconstruct the incident in
your mind, pulling together all the evidence. You must then document the incident in a
readable fashion. Remember, the CA and reviewing authorities will want to understand
the incident from a reading of the facts. Often a recitation of the facts in chronological,
step-by-step form is easiest to follow. Keep your findings of fact as clear and concise as
possible.
The IO must not draft opinions and/or recommendations unless specifically directed to
by the supervising judge advocate. Where the IO or CA feels an opinion and/or
recommendation from the IO should be included, the supervisory judge advocate should
be informed. Where the supervisory judge advocate feels the IO should express and
opinion and/or recommendation, such should be directed. Any direction for or
authorization to the IO to express an opinion and/or recommendation should be clear
and specific.